Effect of the Consumption of Species from the Zingiberaceae or Berberidaceae Family on Glycemic Profile Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) is a global health issue linked to high morbidity and mortality due to complications such as cardiovascular disease and nephropathy. Conventional treatments often have side effects and limited glycemic control, leading to interest in alternative therapies. Plants from the Zingiberaceae and Berberidaceae families, traditionally used for their anti-diabetic properties, have emerged as potential adjuncts. This meta-analysis evaluates and compares their efficacy in improving glycemic control in individuals with T2 DM. A systematic literature search, following PRISMA guidelines, was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane, identifying 1269 studies, of which 58 met inclusion criteria. Only randomized controlled trials assessing effects on fasting blood glucose (FBS), HbA1c, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR were included. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using Cochrane’s RoB 2.0 tool. The review is registered in PROS-PERO (CRD42024516261). The analysis showed significant reductions in FBS (−1.06; 95% CI: −1.42 to −0.71), HbA1c (−1.42; 95% CI: −2.64 to −0.19), and fasting insulin (−0.75; 95% CI: −1.13 to −0.38) among participants using plant extracts, with stronger effects observed for the Berberidaceae species. HOMA-IR also decreased, indicating enhanced insulin sensitivity. While Berberidaceae showed higher effect sizes, Zingiberaceae species provided more consistent outcomes. Further research with standardized protocols is needed to confirm these results.